Recent studies have shown that its high presence in blood is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke.
Lipoprotein (a) , a compound formed by the union of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A, is gaining prominence in the field of cardiology due to its relationship with cardiovascular risk . Recent studies have shown that elevated levels in the blood are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases , such as myocardial infarction and stroke, independently of other traditional factors such as LDL cholesterol, hypertension, or diabetes.
According to Dr. Roberto Martín Reyes , head of the Department of the Comprehensive Cardiology Unit at the La Luz University Hospital , “lipoprotein (a) is synthesized at the hepatic level and its concentration is mainly determined by genetic factors , which limits the impact of lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, on its levels.”
The normal value for lipoprotein(a) is considered to be below 50 mg/dL, and its measurement is key in both the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. “It is advisable to measure it in patients with a family history of cardiovascular disease for a more complete risk analysis,” emphasizes Dr. Martín Reyes.
Lipoprotein(a) is a cardiovascular risk-modifying factor . “An increase of more than 10 mg/dL raises the risk of heart attack by more than 10%. Furthermore, levels above 90 mg/dL triple the risk of developing significant aortic stenosis,” explains the specialist. This biomarker is implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, aortic valve disease, and peripheral vascular disease. In addition, some studies suggest its possible association with heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
International scientific societies highlight that lipoprotein (a) can modify the calculated cardiovascular risk in patients with elevated levels, increasing the probability of cardiovascular events by 1,5 to 3 times.
Currently, there is no specific drug on the market to reduce lipoprotein(a) levels. “Some PCSK9 inhibitors have shown a limited impact on reducing these levels,” the cardiologist indicates. However, the future is promising : “There are five ongoing studies with new therapies that could help lower lipoprotein(a) and reduce the associated cardiovascular risk,” the doctor concludes.